Keno glossary
Keno glossary. Use the guides for concepts and checking methods, then continue to the relevant game, country or calculator.
Mechanics
- Number pool
Largest number in the selectable number pool.
Number Pool: N=56
- Draw size
Count of numbers drawn in one draw.
Numbers Drawn: D=16
- Pick / spot
Documented range or set of selection sizes allowed by the rules.
Picks Allowed: s=5
- Match / catch / hit
Matches: K=|S∩R|; 0≤K≤min(s,D).
Matches: S={1,2,3,4,5} · R={2,4,8,16} · K=2
- Draw
Numbers Drawn: R⊂{1,…,N}; |R|=D.
Numbers Drawn: R={2,4,8,16}
- Frequency
Human-readable summary of the documented draw schedule.
Every 5 minutes
- Window
Draw Frequency: W=[t₀,t₁]; t_d∈W.
Draw Frequency: t∈[06:00,21:55]
- Cutoff
Rules: t_a≤t_c<t_d; t_a>t_c ⇒ t_a∉A.
Rules: t_a≤t_c<t_d
- Quick pick
Generate Numbers: |S|=s; S⊂{1,…,N}; P(i∈S)=s/N.
Numbers to Pick: s=5 → {4,11,23,35,49}
- Game format
Game Config: F=(N,D,A_s); s∈A_s.
Game Config: N/D/s=56/16/5
Probability
- Combination
Probability: C(n,r)=n!/[r!(n−r)!].
Probability: C(5,2)=10
- Sample space
Probability Distribution: Ω={K=0,…,min(s,D)}.
Probability Distribution: Ω={K=0,…,K=5}
- Without replacement
Number Pool: rᵢ≠rⱼ (i≠j); N→N−1→…→N−D+1. [1]
Number Pool: N→N−1→N−2
- Hypergeometric distribution
Probability: P(K=k)=C(D,k)C(N−D,s−k)/C(N,s). [1]
Probability: H(56,16,5,2)
- Exact probability
Probability: p_k=P(K=k).
Probability: P(K=2 | 56,16,5)
- Cumulative probability
Probability: F(k)=P(K≤k)=Σᵢ₌₀ᵏP(K=i).
Probability: P(K≤2)=Σᵢ₌₀²P(K=i)
- No-hit probability
Probability: p₀=P(K=0).
Matches: K=0 → P(K=0)
- One-in odds
Odds: o=1/p (0<p≤1).
Odds: p=0.125 ↔ 1/p=8
- Expected hits
Matches: E[K]=sD/N.
Matches: E[K]=sD/N
- Independent draws
Draw Frequency: P(K₂=b | K₁=a)=P(K₂=b).
Draw Frequency: P(K₂=k | K₁)=P(K₂=k)
Prizes
- Paytable
Rules: T:(s,k,c)→G.
Rules: v(s,k)
- Prize tier
Top prize: T_{s,k}=(k,G).
Matches: k=3 → v(s,3)
- Stake
Rules: c>0; c→T(s,k,c).
Rules: c>0
- Gross payout
Top prize: G=T(s,k,c); G≥0.
Top prize: G=v(s,k)
- Net profit
Top prize: Π=G−c.
Top prize: G−c
- Expected value (EV)
Probability: EV=E[Π]=ΣₖG_kP(K=k)−c.
Probability: EV=Σₖv(s,k)P(K=k)−c
- Return to player (RTP)
Probability: RTP=E[G]/c=ΣₖG_kP(K=k)/c.
Probability: RTP=Σₖv(s,k)P(K=k)/c
- House edge
Probability: h=1−RTP.
Probability: 1−RTP
- Liability cap
Rules: L≥0; G≤L.
Rules: G≤L
- Top prize
Top-prize statement only when directly evidenced and comparable within that game.
Top prize: maxₖv(s,k)
Governance
- Operator
Official or evidenced full name of the operator.
Operator: O₁
- Organizer
Operator: Oₒ→(Game Config,Numbers Drawn); Oₒ≠A.
Operator: Oₒ→P₁
- Regulator
Human-readable name of the regulatory authority, derived from the normalized JSON relation.
Regulator: A₁
- Jurisdiction
ISO country code of the primary national jurisdiction. Localized name of the primary country.
Country: J=(DE)
- Subnational jurisdiction
Subnational or multi-region scope when the offering is not purely national. J=(C,R₁).
Country: J=(DE,DE-BE)
- Multi-region jurisdiction
Subnational or multi-region scope when the offering is not purely national. J=(C,{R₁,…,R_m}); m>1.
Country: J=({DE,PL})
- Rule version
Official page or document that states the game rules. vᵢ:[d₀,d₁).
Rules: v₁:[2026-01-01,∞)
- Official results source
Official page where published results can be checked.
Results: Sᵣ
- Official rules source
Official page or document that states the game rules.
Rules: Sᵤ
- Locator
Evidence locator: Sᵢ→{§,¶,#}.
Evidence locator: §4.2
- Verification status
Result of the catalog evidence review for the published record.
Verification Status: ✓
- Last reviewed
Date of the latest substantive source review.
Last Verified: 2026-08-10
- Field assertion
Directly supported fact: f=v ↔ {S₁,…,S_n}.
Directly supported fact: N=56 ↔ S₁
- Unknown reason
What We Do Not Do: f=∅ ∧ r∈{r₁,r₂,r₃,r₄}.
What We Do Not Do: f=∅ · r=r₄
Sources & References
[1] National Institute of Standards and Technology
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods — Hypergeometric distribution
· Last updated: · Active
itl.nist.gov